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- Pueblo Capture
-
-
- [In early 1969, while the U.S. was preoccupied with fighting
- the Communists in Vietnam, there came what appeared to be a
- completely unprovoked attack from another Asian Communist power
- on a U.S. ship, an old freighter converted into an electronic
- reconnaissance vessel and called the Pueblo.]
-
- (February 2, 1968)
-
- It was noon, Korea time, when a Soviet-built North Korean
- torpedo boat bore down on Pueblo. Commander Lloyd M. Bucher, 40,
- was not overly disturbed. Harassment is one of the hazards of
- electronic snooping.
-
- Using international signal flags, the PT boat asked Pueblo's
- nationality. When she identified herself as American, the Korean
- boat signaled: "Heave to or I will open fire." Pueblo replied:
- "I am in international waters." She maintained her course at
- two-thirds speed (8 knots), with the PT boat never very far
- away. AN hour later, three more North Korean vessels came
- slashing in from the southwest. One was a 30-knot, Soviet-built
- subchaser, the others 40-knot PT boats. "Follow in my wake,"
- signaled one of the small vessels. "I have a pilot aboard." The
- Korean boats took up positions on Pueblo's bow, beam and
- quarter.
-
- It was only when one of the Korean PT boats rigged
- fenders--rubber tubes and rope mats to cushion impact--and began
- backing toward Pueblo's bow that Bucher realized what was
- happening; in the bow of the PT boat stood an armed boarding
- party. "These guys are serious," the skipper radioed his home
- port, U.S. Navy headquarters in Yokosuka, Japan. "They mean
- business."
-
- As the Koreans swarmed abroad, U.S. Navymen feverishly set
- fire to the files, dumped documents, shredded the codes, and did
- their valiant best to wreck the electronic gear with axes,
- sledge hammers and hand grenades. At 1:45 p.m., Pueblo radioed
- Yokosuka that the North Koreans were aboard. Twenty-five minutes
- later, she reported that she had been "requested" to steam into
- Wonsan, a deep-draft port used by many Soviet submariners in
- preference to Vladivostok, where the continental shelf forces
- them to cruise uncomfortably close to the surface. At 2:32 p.m.,
- barely 2 1/2 hours after the first Communist PT boat hove into
- view, came Pueblo's last message. Engines were "all stop,"
- Bucher reported; he was "going off the air."
-
- Were U.S. field commanders at fault for having failed to send
- planes to frighten off Pueblo's captors? Should they have sunk
- her rather than let the ship fall into probing Communist hands?
- Astonishingly, there were no planes in a position to help.
-
-
- [After eleven months in captivity, the Pueblo crew was
- released at the Korean DMZ.]
-
- (January 3, 1969)
-
- The prisoners' long-sought release came only hours after the
- enactment of a scene that belongs in the weirder annals of
- diplomacy. In the one-story hut in Panmunjom that has seen
- hundreds of meetings since the 1953 truce that ended the Korean
- War, U.S. Army Major General Gilbert H. Woodward sat down
- opposite North Korean Major General Pak Chung Kuk. "The position
- of the U.S.," said General Woodward, the top U.N. member of the
- armistice commission, "has been that the ship was not engaged
- in illegal activities, that there is no convincing evidence that
- the ship at any time intruded into territorial waters claimed
- by North Korea, and that we could not apologize for actions we
- did not believe took place." He added: "My signature will not
- and cannot alter the facts. I will sign the document to free
- the crew and only to free the crew."
-
- With that, he put his name to a document prepared by the
- North Koreans which said that 1)Pueblo "had illegally intruded
- into the territorial waters of the Democratic People's Republic
- of Korea on many occasions," 2) the U.S. "solemnly apologizes
- for grave acts of espionage," and 3) Pueblo's crew members "have
- confessed honestly to their crimes." The U.S. said one thing,
- then signed quite another.
-
- Predictably, Communist propagandists ballyhooed the agreement
- as "an ignominious defeat for the U.S. imperialist aggressors"
- and ignored the disclaimer. Whatever use the Communist chose to
- make of the solution, the U.S. had backed itself into an awkward
- corner. A high-ranking U.S. representative had openly said his
- signature was worthless. If the Navy tries to punish any of
- Pueblo's crew for signing "confessions," an obvious defense is
- that the U.S. Government itself has done exactly that.
-
-
- [As details emerged about the Pueblo crewmen's brutal
- imprisonment, during which they had been systematically beaten
- and tortured to make them sign confessions, the U.S. agonized
- for months over the dilemma of the military code of conduct,
- which requires brave men to endure vicious treatment rather than
- sign false documents that are of dubious value anyway. The Navy
- finally elected not to try, punish or reprimand any of the
- crew.]
-
-